Why does Allah say “We” in the Quran when referring to Himself?

All Praise be to Allah

Summary: The term “We” in the Quran is an example of the “Royal We” or “majestic plural,” used to signify greatness and authority. It does not imply plurality but is a common form of reverence across various languages.

Detailed Answer: In Arabic, the use of “We” (nahnu) is a stylistic device meant to emphasize grandeur and majesty. This type of “majestic plural” is also prevalent in many other languages:

1. Aramaic: The language of many early Prophets, where “We” was used similarly to denote reverence, particularly in relation to divine authority.
2. Hebrew: In Biblical Hebrew, the plural form (“Elohim”) is used to refer to God, emphasizing majesty rather than numerical plurality.
3. Punjabi: The pronoun “اسی” (asi) or “ਸਾਨੂੰ” (saannu) can be used in Punjabi to reflect both personal speech in a respectful manner or by people of importance.
4. Farsi (Persian): The plural form “ما” (maa) can be used in a similar manner to convey respect, particularly when one speaks in an elevated tone.
5. Turkish: The plural “biz” can be used for showing respect, especially in formal documents and by authority figures, similar to the royal usage in other languages.
6. Nigerian Languages (e.g., Hausa, Yoruba):
   • In Hausa, “mu” is used in official and reverential contexts.
   • In Yoruba, it’s customary for elders or leaders to use the plural pronoun to convey formality and respect.
7. English: The “Royal We” has historically been used by English monarchs and high officials to denote the authority and collective power they embody.
8. Urdu: “ہم” (hum), meaning “we,” is frequently used by elders or in formal contexts to express authority and respect.

In the Quran, Allah sometimes refers to Himself as “We” as a form of linguistic majesty, similar to how royalty would speak in the plural form to convey authority and greatness. It does not imply plurality in the sense of multiple entities, as emphasized in verses such as “Say: He is Allah, the One” [al-Ikhlas 112:1]. This majestic usage affirms His greatness and supreme authority.

And Allah Knows Best