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Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله)

Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله)

Scholar, Theologian

Date of Birth and Death

  • Born: January 22, 1263 CE (661 AH) in Harran, Mesopotamia (modern-day Turkey)
  • Died: September 26, 1328 CE (728 AH) in Damascus, Syria

Origin and Early Life

Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah, commonly known as Ibn Taymiyyah, was born in Harran, Mesopotamia, into a family of noted scholars. Due to the Mongol invasions, his family moved to Damascus, Syria, where he continued his education. From an early age, he showed exceptional intellectual abilities and a keen interest in religious studies.

Education and Teachers

Ibn Taymiyyah received a comprehensive education in Islamic jurisprudence, theology, and philosophy. His notable teachers included:

  • Shams al-Din al-Maqdisi: Under whom he studied Hanbali jurisprudence.
  • Ibn Abil Izz al-Hanafi: From whom he learned theology.
  • Ibn Qudamah: A leading Hanbali jurist.

He studied at the Great Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, gaining expertise in various Islamic sciences including Hadith, Tafsir, Fiqh, and Arabic grammar.

Expertise and Works

Ibn Taymiyyah was a prolific scholar known for his contributions to Islamic jurisprudence, theology, and philosophy. His most significant works include:

  • “Majmu’ al-Fatawa”: A comprehensive collection of his fatwas (legal opinions) covering various aspects of Islamic law and theology.
  • “Al-Aqidah Al-Wasitiyyah”: A treatise on Islamic creed, emphasizing the beliefs of the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah (people of the prophetic tradition and community). (The Creed of the People of Islam) ,  Translated by Abu Amina Elias
  • “Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah”: A refutation of the Shiite doctrine, defending the beliefs and practices of Sunni Islam.
  • “Dar’ Ta’arud al-Aql wal-Naql”: A work discussing the harmony between reason and revelation.
  • “Kitab al-Iman”: A book elaborating on the concept of faith in Islam.

Famous For

Ibn Taymiyyah is renowned for his rigorous approach to Islamic jurisprudence and theology, advocating a return to the Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition) as primary sources of Islamic law. He strongly opposed innovations (bid’ah) in religious practices and was a vocal critic of certain Sufi practices and theological views that he believed deviated from orthodox Islam. His defense of Sunni orthodoxy and his critiques of philosophical and mystical interpretations of Islam were influential.

Character and Piety

Ibn Taymiyyah was known for his piety, asceticism, and unyielding commitment to his principles. Despite facing imprisonment and persecution for his views, he remained steadfast in his beliefs and continued his scholarly work. His life exemplified a deep dedication to the propagation of what he perceived as true Islamic teachings, and he was highly respected by his students and followers for his knowledge and integrity.

Books and Teachings

The teachings of Ibn Taymiyyah continue to be influential in the Muslim world, particularly within the Hanbali school of thought and among reformist movements advocating a return to the foundational texts of Islam. His works are studied in Islamic universities and seminaries globally, shaping contemporary Islamic thought and jurisprudence. His emphasis on the Quran and Sunnah, and his critiques of innovation, have left a lasting impact on Islamic scholarship.

Ibn Taymiyyah’s legacy as a scholar, jurist, and theologian remains profound. His contributions to Islamic law, theology, and philosophy have left an indelible mark on the Muslim intellectual tradition, inspiring subsequent generations of scholars and students in their quest for understanding and adherence to the principles of Islam.

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